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当前学科:酸洗工
题目:
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氧化铁皮压入是()
A . 在热轧时氧化铁皮压入带钢表面造成的
B . 在铸钢时产生,经热轧而形成
C . 在酸洗机组上产生的
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一般资料:女性,17岁,高中二年级学生,因总是揪自己的头发引起斑秃,由母亲陪同前来咨询。 案例介绍:两年前求助者无意间发现长了一根白头发,就把它揪了下来,也没怎么在意。差不多两三个月后,无意间又发现了一根,就又把它揪了下来。从此以后,就经常发现有白头发,其母亲带求助者到医院检查,医生都说是青春期的原因,要求助者不要太在意。求助者也认为医生说的可能是对的,但觉得一个年轻女孩长白头发多难看啊,于是就揪,看见了就揪,不揪就难受,有时连黑头发都揪下来了,甚至有时明明没有白头发,也要揪,现在头发明显的减少了,头顶已经有斑秃了。眼看着自己的头发越来越少,很害怕,但就是控制不住自己,内心特别痛苦。 心理咨询师从求助者母亲处了解到,求助者反映的情况是真实的,除揪头发外没有其他不良嗜好。 下面是心理咨询师与求助者的咨询谈话: 心理咨询师:根据你说的情况,我对你的诊断是强迫性神经症。 求助者:啊?我得神经病啦? 心理咨询师:不,你别紧张,是神经症,不是神经病,是心理方面的问题,就是由于你存在着强迫与反强迫的矛盾冲突,造成了你内心的痛苦,长时间得不到解决,而这种冲突是现实的,所以你迟迟不能解决,越来越痛苦。 求助者:好像是这样的,我该怎么办?您有什么好的方法能帮我改掉揪头发的坏习惯吗? 心理咨询师:有啊,我决定对你实施厌恶疗法,坚决地使你改掉揪头发的坏习惯。 求助者:什么是厌恶疗法?我不懂,您能给我讲讲吗? 心理咨询师:厌恶疗法是一种心理治疗的方法,就是你以后再揪头发时,我将给你一个很不好的刺激,比如电击,由于受到电击你会非常不舒服,就产生了厌恶的生理或心理反应,你一揪,我就给电击,结果就使揪头发的行为和厌恶反应建立了联系,这叫条件反射,以后你再揪头发,就联想到所受的电击,会非常不舒服的,你就不敢揪了,揪头发的坏习惯就改过来了。 求助者:哦,我明白了,我就用方法吧。 心理咨询师:好,为了安全,我给你用110伏的电压刺激,只要你揪头发,我就给你电刺激,直到你改了这个坏习惯。 求助者:110伏,会不会把我电坏? 心理咨询师:你肯定会很不舒服,为了改掉你的坏习惯,电刺激必须时非常强烈的。 求助者:需要多长时间才能改掉?我今年高二,学习很紧张的。 心理咨询师:那要看多长时间才能建立起条件反射。 求助者:我需要准备些什么吗? 心理咨询师:也没什么特别的,你和你妈妈商量好就行了。 求助者:好吧。 心理咨询师使用厌恶疗法在案例已实施的是()。
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Literacy Volunteer Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer (扫盲志愿者). The training I received, though excellent, did not tell me how it was to work with a real student, however. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading. My first student Jane was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn't know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule, she told me it would not help because she could not read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermarket because she couldn't always remember what she needed. Since she did not know words, she could not write out a shopping list. Also, she could only recognize items by their labels. As a result, if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted. As we worked together, learning how to read built Jane's self-confidence, which encouraged her to continue in her studies. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarket. After this successful trip, she reported how self-confident she felt. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son, Tony, a shy first grader, with his reading. She sat with him before he went to sleep and together they would read bedtime stories. When his eyes became wide with excitement as she read pride was written all over her face, and she began to see how her own hard work in learning to read paid off. As she described this experience, I was proud of myself, too. I found that helping Jane to build her self-confidence was more rewarding than anything I had ever done before. As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Jane did. When 1 began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read,I realized the true importance of reading.()
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